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Susceptibility to auditory hallucinations is associated with spontaneous but not directed modulation of top-down expectations for speech
In: Neurosci Conscious (2022)
Abstract: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs)—or hearing voices—occur in clinical and non-clinical populations, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Predictive processing models of psychosis have proposed that hallucinations arise from an over-weighting of prior expectations in perception. It is unknown, however, whether this reflects (i) a sensitivity to explicit modulation of prior knowledge or (ii) a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously use such knowledge in ambiguous contexts. Four experiments were conducted to examine this question in healthy participants listening to ambiguous speech stimuli. In experiments 1a (n = 60) and 1b (n = 60), participants discriminated intelligible and unintelligible sine-wave speech before and after exposure to the original language templates (i.e. a modulation of expectation). No relationship was observed between top-down modulation and two common measures of hallucination-proneness. Experiment 2 (n = 99) confirmed this pattern with a different stimulus—sine-vocoded speech (SVS)—that was designed to minimize ceiling effects in discrimination and more closely model previous top-down effects reported in psychosis. In Experiment 3 (n = 134), participants were exposed to SVS without prior knowledge that it contained speech (i.e. naïve listening). AVH-proneness significantly predicted both pre-exposure identification of speech and successful recall for words hidden in SVS, indicating that participants could actually decode the hidden signal spontaneously. Altogether, these findings support a pre-existing tendency to spontaneously draw upon prior knowledge in healthy people prone to AVH, rather than a sensitivity to temporary modulations of expectation. We propose a model of clinical and non-clinical hallucinations, across auditory and visual modalities, with testable predictions for future research.
Keyword: Research Article
URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/nc/niac002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8824703/
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2
Feedback and Word Learning ...
Krishnan, Saloni. - : Open Science Framework, 2021
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3
Functional organisation for verb generation in children with developmental language disorder
In: Neuroimage (2021)
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4
Functional organisation for verb generation in children with developmental language disorder
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5
The role of intrinsic reward in adolescent word learning ...
Krishnan, Saloni. - : Open Science Framework, 2020
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6
TrainingData_LastBlock_Error ...
Krishnan, Saloni; Sellars, Elise; Wood, Helena. - : Dryad Digital Repository, 2018
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FinalTest ...
Krishnan, Saloni; Sellars, Elise; Wood, Helena. - : Dryad Digital Repository, 2018
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8
TrainingData ...
Krishnan, Saloni; Sellars, Elise; Wood, Helena. - : Dryad Digital Repository, 2018
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9
Data from: The influence of evaluative right/wrong feedback on phonological and semantic processes in word learning ...
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10
The influence of evaluative right/wrong feedback on phonological and semantic processes in word learning
Krishnan, Saloni; Sellars, Elise; Wood, Helena. - : The Royal Society, 2018
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11
Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: terminology
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12
Fractionating nonword repetition: the contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
Carey, Daniel; Karmiloff-Smith, Annette; Krishnan, Saloni. - : Public Library of Science, 2017
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13
Functional and quantitative MRI mapping of somatomotor representations of human supralaryngeal vocal tract
Carey, Daniel; Krishnan, Saloni; Callaghan, M.F.. - : Oxford Journals, 2017
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14
Fractionating nonword repetition:The contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
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15
Fractionating nonword repetition: The contributions of short-term memory and oromotor praxis are different
Krishnan, Saloni; Alcock, Katherine J.; Carey, Daniel. - : Public Library of Science, 2017
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16
Phase 2 of CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study of problems with language development: Terminology
Bishop, Dorothy V.M.; Snowling, Margaret J.; Thompson, Paul A.. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2017
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17
Functional and Quantitative MRI Mapping of Somatomotor Representations of Human Supralaryngeal Vocal Tract
Carey, Daniel; Krishnan, Saloni; Callaghan, Martina F.. - : Oxford University Press, 2017
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18
CATALISE: a multinational and multidisciplinary Delphi consensus study. Identifying language impairments in children
Norbury, Courtenay; Leonard, Laurence; McCartney, Elspeth. - : Public Library Science, 2016
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Environmental sounds
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Language development
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