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1	White-Matter Development is Different in Bilingual and Monolingual Children: A Longitudinal DTI Study
	Mohades, Seyede Ghazal; Van Schuerbeek, Peter; Rosseel, Yves; Van De Craen, Piet; Luypaert, Robert; Baeken, Chris. - : Public Library of Science, 2015
	Abstract: Although numerous people grow up speaking more than one language, the impact of bilingualism on brain developing neuroanatomy is still poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether the changes in the mean fractional-anisotropy (MFA) of language pathways are different between bilingual and monolingual children. Simultaneous-bilinguals, sequential-bilinguals and monolingual, male and female 10–13 years old children participated in this longitudinal study over a period of two years. We used diffusion tensor tractography to obtain mean fractional-anisotropy values of four language related pathways and one control bundle: 1-left-inferior-occipitofrontal fasciculus/lIFOF, 2-left-arcuate fasciculus/lAF/lSLF, 3-bundle arising from the anterior part of corpus-callosum and projecting to orbital lobe/AC-OL, 4-fibres emerging from anterior-midbody of corpus-callosum (CC) to motor cortices/AMB-PMC, 5- right-inferior-occipitofrontal fasciculus rIFOF as the control pathway unrelated to language. These values and their rate of change were compared between 3 groups. FA-values did not change significantly over two years for lAF/lSLF and AC-OL. Sequential-bilinguals had the highest degree of change in the MFA value of lIFOF, and AMB-PMC did not present significant group differences. The comparison of MFA of lIFOF yielded a significantly higher FA-value in simultaneous bilinguals compared to monolinguals. These findings acknowledge the existing difference of the development of the semantic processing specific pathway between children with different semantic processing procedure. These also support the hypothesis that age of second language acquisition affects the maturation and myelination of some language specific white-matter pathways.
	Keyword: Research Article
	URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338107 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25706865 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117968
	BASE
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2	Multilingual processing in the brain
	van den Noort, Maurits; Struys, Esli; Kim, Kayoung...
	In: International journal of multilingualism. - Clevedon : Multilingual Matters 11 (2014) 2, 182-201
	OLC Linguistik
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3	How policies influence multilingual education and the impact of multilingualism education on practices
	Van de Craen, Piet; Surmont, Jill; Ceuleers, Evy...
	In: Exploring the dynamics of multilingualism (Amsterdam, 2013), p. 343-364
	MPI für Psycholinguistik
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4	An fMRI study of level of proficiency as a predictor of neurocognitive convergence for L1/L2 during a lexicosemantic task in a paediatric population
	Paquier, Philippe; Balériaux, Danielle; Noort, Maurits van den...
	In: Second language research. - London : Sage Publ. 25 (2009) 1, 107-134
	BLLDB
	OLC Linguistik
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5	Dix ans de pratique CLIL en Belgique multilingue. Un résumé des résultats d'apprentissage
	Ceuleers, Evy; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Van de Craen, Piet. - 2009
	BASE
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6	Kontaktlinguistik : ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung 1. 1
	van de Craen, Piet
	In: 1 (1996), S. 81-88
	Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
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7	Sociolinguistics : an international handbook of the science of language and society 1. 3.1
	Van de Craen, Piet; Beatons Beardsmore, Hugo
	In: 3.1 (1987), S. 579-584
	Leibniz-Zentrum Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
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