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Understanding the effects of negative (and positive) pointwise mutual information on word vectors
Salle, A.; Villavicencio, A.. - : Taylor & Francis, 2022
Abstract: Despite the recent popularity of contextual word embeddings, static word embeddings still dominate lexical semantic tasks, making their study of continued relevance. A widely adopted family of such static word embeddings is derived by explicitly factorizing the Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) weighting of the cooccurrence matrix. As unobserved cooccurrences lead PMI to negative infinity, a common workaround is to clip negative PMI at 0. However, it is unclear what information is lost by collapsing negative PMI values to 0. To answer this question, we isolate and study the effects of negative (and positive) PMI on the semantics and geometry of models adopting factorization of different PMI matrices. Word and sentence-level evaluations show that only accounting for positive PMI in the factorization strongly captures both semantics and syntax, whereas using only negative PMI captures little of semantics but a surprising amount of syntactic information. Results also reveal that incorporating negative PMI induces stronger rank invariance of vector norms and direction, as well as improved rare word representations.
URL: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/184560/
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2
Improving tokenisation by alternative treatment of spaces
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3
Assessing idiomaticity representations in vector models with a noun compound dataset labeled at type and token levels
Garcia, M.; Kramer Vieira, T.; Scarton, C.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2021
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4
Probing for idiomaticity in vector space models
Garcia, M.; Vieira, T.K.; Scarton, C.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2021
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5
AStitchInLanguageModels : dataset and methods for the exploration of idiomaticity in pre-trained language models
Tayyar Madabushi, H.; Gow-Smith, E.; Scarton, C.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021
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6
CogNLP-Sheffield at CMCL 2021 Shared Task: Blending cognitively inspired features with transformer-based language models for predicting eye tracking patterns
Vickers, P.; Wainwright, R.; Tayyar Madabushi, H.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2021
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7
Investigating language impact in bilingual approaches for computational language documentation
Boito, M.Z.; Villavicencio, A.; Besacier, L.. - : Special Interest Group: Under-resourced Languages (SIGUL), 2020
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8
Unsupervised compositionality prediction of nominal compounds
Cordeiro, S.; Villavicencio, A.; Idiart, M.. - : MIT Press - Journals, 2019
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9
A dual-attention hierarchical recurrent neural network for dialogue act classification
Li, R.; Lin, C.; Collinson, M.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2019
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10
When the whole is greater than the sum of its parts : multiword expressions and idiomaticity
Villavicencio, A.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019
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11
Proceedings of the 23rd Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL)
Bansal, M.; Villavicencio, A.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2019
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12
Discovering multiword expressions
Villavicencio, A.; Idiart, M.. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2019
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13
Empirical evaluation of sequence-to-sequence models for word discovery in low-resource settings
Boito, M.Z.; Villavicencio, A.; Besacier, L.. - : International Speech Communication Association (ISCA), 2019
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14
Unsupervised word segmentation from speech with attention
Godard, P.; Boito, M.Z.; Ondel, L.. - : ISCA, 2018
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15
Similarity Measures for the Detection of Clinical Conditions with Verbal Fluency Tasks
Paula, F.; Wilkens, R.; Idiart, M.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018
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16
A corpus study of verbal multiword expressions in Brazilian Portuguese
Ramisch, C.; Ramisch, R.; Zilio, L.. - : Springer International Publishing, 2018
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17
Unwritten languages demand attention too! Word discovery with encoder-decoder models
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18
Restricted recurrent neural tensor networks: Exploiting word frequency and compositionality
Salle, A.; Villavicencio, A.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018
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19
UFRGS&LIF at SemEval-2016 task 10: Rule-based MWE identification and predominant-supersense tagging
Cordeiro, S.R.; Ramisch, C.; Villavicencio, A.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016
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20
How naked is the naked truth? A multilingual lexicon of nominal compound compositionality
Villavicencio, A.; Wilkens, R.; Ramisch, C.. - : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016
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