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A novel image-based approach for interactive characterization of rock fracture spacing in a tunnel face
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Translanguaging and embodied teaching and learning: lessons from a multilingual karate club in London
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Code-switching and language control
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In: BILINGUALISM-LANGUAGE AND COGNITION , 19 (5) pp. 883-884. (2016) (2016)
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"Where are you really from?": Nationality and Ethnicity Talk (NET) in everyday interactions
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In: Applied Linguistics Review , 7 (4) pp. 449-470. (2016) (2016)
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Recent advances on singlemodal and multimodal face recognition : A survey
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Zhou,H; Mian,A; Wei,L. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, 2014
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A control process model of code-switching
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In: LANGUAGE COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE , 29 (4) 499 - 511. (2014) (2014)
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Who’s teaching whom? Co-learning in multilingual classrooms
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In: In: The Multilingual Turn: Implications for SLA, TESOL and Bilingual Education. (pp. 167-190). (2013) (2013)
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Language shift and host society attitudes: Dutch migrants who arrived in New Zealand between 1950 and 1965
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Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Bilingualism and Multilingualism Research
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In: In: The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism: Second Edition. (pp. 26-51). (2012) (2012)
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The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism
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In: (2009) (2009)
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Research Perspectives on Bilingualism and Multilingualism
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In: In: The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism. (pp. 1-17). (2009) (2009)
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Control of speech in bilinguals,Reprint of Control, activation and resource: a framework and a model for the control of speech in bilinguals. Brain & Language, 1986, 27, 210-223 with Post-script
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In: In: Wei, L, (ed.) The Bilingualism Reader. (pp. 371-383). Routledge (2007) (2007)
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Unequal election of morphemes in adult second language acquisition
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Wei, L. - : Oxford University Press, 2000
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Abstract:
Morpheme accuracy and acquisition order is a frequent subject in the Second Language Acquisition research literature (Bailey et al . 1974; Krashen 1981; VanPatten 1984, 1995). However, the treatment is largely descriptive. That is, researchers offer few explanations for the data discussed. The most frequently invoked explanation puts the burden on first language acquisition theory because the observed orders are similar to those observed in first language acquisition (Krashen 1981; Flynn 1984, 1987; White 1985, 1989). In contrast, this paper explains observed accuracy orders on the basis of a model of morpheme classification originally proposed to account for other bilingual phenomena, the 4-M Model (Myers-Scotton and Jake 1999a). The paper bases its analysis on a cross-sectional analysis of acquisition of English by Japanese and Chinese first language speakers. The results indicate that not all functional elements have the same accuracy order. The paper argues that this order reflects the fact that functional elements differ in how they are activated. The model of morpheme classification assumes that there are three types of system morphemes (functional elements) as well as content morphemes. One type of system morpheme is indirectly elected at the same time that content morphemes are directly elected by the speaker's intentions. The other two types of system morphemes are activated later in the production process. Their abstract lexical-conceptual structure is not relevant to conveying the speaker's intentions, but rather is required by the grammatical frame of the target language. For this reason, the 4-M Model predicts that they are harder to acquire and the data reported in this paper support that hypothesis. That is, the data indicate an implicational hierarchy of morpheme acquisition: content morphemes are acquired before any system morphemes and early (indirectly elected) system morphemes are acquired before later system morphemes.
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Keyword:
Articles
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/21.1.106 http://applij.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/21/1/106
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Contol, activation and resource: a framework and a model for the control of speech in bilinguals
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In: In: Wei, L, (ed.) The Bilingualism Reader. (pp. 407-419). Routledge: London & New York. (2000) (2000)
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Speech disorder in preschool children exposed to Cantonese and English
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