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Risk factor model, in which environmental risk for language impairment is indexed by auditory deficit, and genetic risk is indexed by a deficit in phonological STM ...
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Risk factor model, in which environmental risk for language impairment is indexed by auditory deficit, and genetic risk is indexed by a deficit in phonological STM ...
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| 63 |
Genetic and environmental influences on Chinese language and reading abilities
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The role of self-teaching in learning orthographic and semantic aspects of new words
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Chinese Language and Reading Abilities
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The role of self-teaching in learning orthographic and semantic aspects of new words
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Assessment of cerebral lateralization in children using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD)
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| 74 |
Mismatch response to polysyllabic nonwords: a neurophysiological signature of language learning capacity
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Abstract:
Background: The ability to repeat polysyllabic nonwords such as ‘‘blonterstaping’’ has frequently been shown to correlate with language learning ability but it is not clear why such a correlation should exist. Three alternative explanations have been offered, stated in terms of differences in: (a) perceptual ability; (b) efficiency of phonological loop functioning; (c) preexisting vocabulary knowledge and/or articulatory skills. In the present study, we used event-related potentials to assess the contributions from these three factors to explaining individual variation in nonword repetition ability. Methodology/Principal Findings: 59 adults who were subdivided according to whether they were good or poor nonwordrepeaters participated. Electrophysiologically measured mismatch responses were recorded to changes in consonants as participants passively listened to a repeating four syllable CV-string. The consonant change could occur in one of four positions along the CV-string and we predicted that: (a) if nonword repetition depended purely on auditory discrimination ability, then reduced mismatch responses to all four consonant changes would be observed in the poor nonword-repeaters, (b) if it depended on encoding or decay of information in a capacity-limited phonological store, then a position specific decrease in mismatch response would be observed, (c) if neither cognitive capacity was involved, then the two groups of participants would provide equivalent mismatch responses. Consistent with our second hypothesis, a position specific difference located on the third syllable was observed in the late discriminative negativity (LDN) window (230–630 ms postsyllable onset). Conclusions/Significance: Our data thus confirm that people who are poorer at nonword repetition are less efficient in early processing of polysyllabic speech materials, but this impairment is not attributable to deficits in low level auditory discrimination. We conclude by discussing the significance of the observed relationship between LDN amplitude and nonword repetition ability and describe how this relatively little understood ERP component provides a biological window onto processes required for successful language learning. ; Citation: Barry, J. G., Hardiman, M. J. & Bishop, D. V. M. (2009). 'Mismatch response to polysyllabic nonwords: a neurophysiological signature of language learning capacity', PLoS ONE, 4(7), e6270. [Available at http://www.plosone.org]. © 2009 Barry et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Keyword:
electrophysiological techniques; Experimental psychology; language; mismatch response; phonological loop
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006270
http://www.plosone.org/
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| 75 |
Children who read words accurately despite language impairment: who are they and how do they do it?
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Children Who Read Words Accurately Despite Language Impairment: Who Are They and How Do They Do It?
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