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The Influence of Texting Language on Grammar and Executive Functions in Primary School Children
Abstract: When sending text messages on their mobile phone to friends, children often use a special type of register, which is called textese. This register allows the omission of words and the use of textisms: instances of non-standard written language such as 4ever (forever). Previous studies have shown that textese has a positive effect on children’s literacy abilities. In addition, it is possible that children’s grammar system is affected by textese as well, as grammar rules are often transgressed in this register. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of textese influences children’s grammar performance, and whether this effect is specific to grammar or language in general. Additionally, studies have not yet investigated the influence of textese on children’s cognitive abilities. Consequently, the secondary aim of this study was to find out whether textese affects children’s executive functions. To investigate this, 55 children between 10 and 13 years old were tested on a receptive vocabulary and grammar performance (sentence repetition) task and various tasks measuring executive functioning. In addition, text messages were elicited and the number of omissions and textisms in children’s messages were calculated. Regression analyses showed that omissions were a significant predictor of children’s grammar performance after various other variables were controlled for: the more words children omitted in their text messages, the better their performance on the grammar task. Although textisms correlated (marginally) significantly with vocabulary, grammar and selective attention scores and omissions marginally significantly with vocabulary scores, no other significant effects were obtained for measures of textese in the regression analyses: neither for the language outcomes, nor for the executive function tasks. Hence, our results show that textese is positively related to children’s grammar performance. On the other hand, use of textese does not affect—positively nor negatively—children’s executive functions.
Keyword: Research Article
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27031708
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4816572/
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152409
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2
Zipf's law in non-fluent aphasia
In: Journal of quantitative linguistics. - London : Routledge 22 (2015) 3, 233-249
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3
Register affects language comprehension: ERP evidence from article omission in newspaper headlines
In: Journal of neurolinguistics. - Orlando, Fla. : Elsevier 24 (2011) 3, 304-319
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OLC Linguistik
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4
The interpretation of stressed and non-stressed pronouns in Spanish language breakdown
In: Aphasiology. - London [u.a.] : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 25 (2011) 3, 386-408
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OLC Linguistik
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5
Reference assignment in Dutch: evidence for the syntax-discourse divide
In: Lingua <Amsterdam>. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 120 (2010) 7, 1738-1763
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6
CHAPTER 3 - TRACKING THE PREFERENCE FOR BOUND-VARIABLE DEPENDENCIES IN AMBIGUOUS ELLIPSES AND ONLY-STRUCTURES
In: Syntax and semantics. - Leiden : Brill 37 (2010), 67-100
OLC Linguistik
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7
Reference assignment in Dutch: Evidence for the syntax–discourse divide
In: Lingua <Amsterdam>. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 120 (2010) 7, 1738-1763
OLC Linguistik
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8
Reading between the (head)lines: a processing account of article omissions in newspaper headlines and child speech
In: Lingua <Amsterdam>. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier 119 (2009) 10, 1523-1540
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9
Slower-than-normal syntactic processing in agrammatic Broca's aphasia: evidence from Dutch
In: Journal of neurolinguistics. - Orlando, Fla. : Elsevier 21 (2008) 2, 120-137
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10
Reference assignment: using language breakdown to choose between theoretical approaches
In: Brain & language. - Orlando, Fla. [u.a.] : Elsevier 96 (2006) 3, 302-317
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11
Interpretation of pronouns in VP-ellipsis constructions in Dutch Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia
In: Brain & language. - Orlando, Fla. [u.a.] : Elsevier 96 (2006) 2, 191-206
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12
The usability of syntax
In: Applied psycholinguistics. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 27 (2006) 1, 43-45
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13
Grammatical processing in language learners : [including commentary and authors' response]
In: Applied psycholinguistics. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 27 (2006) 1, 3-126
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14
Weak syntax
In: Broca's region (Oxford, 2006), p. 49-62
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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15
Het begrip van persoonlijke voornaamwoorden en reflexieven bij agrammatische afasie
In: Stem-, Spraak- en Taalpathologie. - Nijmegen : Univ. Press 14 (2006) 1, 16-28
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16
Psycholinguistics investigations of linguistics dependencies
In: Linguistics and the study of the mind (Utrecht, 2005), p. 15-26
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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17
Interpretive dependencies: the case of backward anaphora
In: Linguistic analysis. - Vashon Island, Wash. : Linguistic Analysis 34 (2004) 3-4, 271-315
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18
Optionality in child and aphasic speech
In: Lingue e linguaggio. - Bologna : Il Mulino 3 (2004) 1, 65-95
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19
Beyond narrow syntax
In: Variation and universals in biolinguistics. - Amsterdam [u.a.] : North Holland Publ. (2004), 95-115
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20
The syntax-discourse interface and the interpretation of pronominals by Dutch-speaking children
In: Proceedings of the ... annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (Boston, 2002), p. 781-792
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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