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OutFlip: Generating Examples for Unknown Intent Detection with Natural Language Attack ...
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Iconary: A Pictionary-Based Game for Testing Multimodal Communication with Drawings and Text ...
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CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning ...
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SituatedQA: Incorporating Extra-Linguistic Contexts into QA ...
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Moral Stories: Situated Reasoning about Norms, Intents, Actions, and their Consequences ...
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Revising the Scope of Linguistic Relativity: Language Influences Perception in Non-linguistic Tasks ...
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DExperts: Decoding-Time Controlled Text Generation with Experts and Anti-Experts ...
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RYANSQL: Recursively Applying Sketch-based Slot Fillings for Complex Text-to-SQL in Cross-Domain Databases ...
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Challenges in Automated Debiasing for Toxic Language Detection ...
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Analyzing Zero-shot Cross-lingual Transfer in Supervised NLP Tasks ...
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Improving Lexically Constrained Neural Machine Translation with Source-Conditioned Masked Span Prediction ...
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NeuroLogic A*esque Decoding: Constrained Text Generation with Lookahead Heuristics ...
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Quantifying Sources of Variability in Infancy Research Using the Infant-Directed-Speech Preference
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Outcome of cochlear implantation in the worse ear of post-lingual asymmetric hearing loss: elucidation of prognostic markers ...
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Outcome of cochlear implantation in the worse ear of post-lingual asymmetric hearing loss: elucidation of prognostic markers ...
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Improved Text Summarization of News Articles Using GA-HC and PSO-HC
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In: Applied Sciences ; Volume 11 ; Issue 22 (2021)
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The Effect of Mechanical Tongue Cleaning on Oral Malodor and Tongue Coating
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In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 1; Pages: 108 (2021)
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Abstract:
Background: Mechanical tongue cleaning is an important oral hygiene procedure; it is known that a significant cause of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), a major component of bad breath, is due to the bacteria coating the tongue. This study was conducted to identify the effect of mechanical tongue cleaning on reducing bad breath and tongue coating. Methods: Various mechanical tongue-cleaning methods were studied, including removing tongue coating using a toothbrush, removing tongue coating using a tongue scraper, and removing tongue coating using a toothbrush and a tongue scraper together. The results were as follows. Results: First, the organic bad breath measurement value after cleaning the tongue significantly decreased in the group using only the toothbrush, the group using only the tongue scraper, and the group using both the toothbrush and the tongue scraper. However, there was no difference between the groups. Second, after cleaning the tongue, the measured values of the tongue coating in the values of WTCI (Winkel’s tongue coating index) and Qray view were significantly reduced in all three groups, and there was no difference between the groups. Third, the gas measurement value in the oral cavity using a machine significantly decreased only the H2S value of the group using the tongue scraper immediately after the mechanical tongue cleaning. Conclusions: From these results, it can be confirmed that mechanical tongue cleaning is effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating. However, in this study, there was no difference in the reduction effect according to the tools (groups) used for mechanical tongue cleaning. It can therefore be seen that wiping accurately from the rear of the tongue to the front is more effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating.
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Keyword:
mechanical tongue cleaning; oral malodor; tongue coating; tongue scraper; toothbrush
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URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010108
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