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1
Physiological and perceptual correlates of masculinity in children’s voices
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2
“This is what a mechanic sounds like.” Children’s vocal control reveals implicit occupational stereotypes
Cartei, Valentina; Oakhill, Jane; Garnham, Alan. - : SAGE Publications, 2020
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3
Children can control the expression of masculinity and femininity through the voice
Abstract: Pre-pubertal boys and girls speak with acoustically different voices despite the absence of a clear anatomical dimorphism in the vocal apparatus, suggesting that a strong component of the expression of gender through the voice is behavioural. Initial evidence for this hypothesis was found in a previous study showing that children can alter their voice to sound like a boy or like a girl. However, whether they can spontaneously modulate these voice components within their own gender in order to vary the expression of their masculinity and femininity remained to be investigated. Here, seventy-two English-speaking children aged 6–10 were asked to give voice to child characters varying in masculine and feminine stereotypicality to investigate whether primary school children spontaneously adjust their sex-related cues in the voice—fundamental frequency (F0) and formant spacing (ΔF)—along gender stereotypical lines. Boys and girls masculinized their voice, by lowering F0 and ΔF, when impersonating stereotypically masculine child characters of the same sex. Girls and older boys also feminized their voice, by raising their F0 and ΔF, when impersonating stereotypically feminine same-sex child characters. These findings reveal that children have some knowledge of the sexually dimorphic acoustic cues underlying the expression of gender, and are capable of controlling them to modulate gender-related attributes, paving the way for the use of the voice as an implicit, objective measure of the development of gender stereotypes and behaviour.
Keyword: Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6689575/
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190656
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4
The role of sex-related voice variation in children’s gender-role stereotype attributions
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5
Children can control the expression of masculinity and femininity through the voice
Cartei, Valentina; Garnham, Alan; Oakhill, Jane. - : Royal Society, The, 2019
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6
Bicultural adolescents' anger regulation: in between two cultures?
Novin, Sheida; Banerjee, Robin; Rieffe, Carolien. - : Taylor & Francis, 2012
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7
The role of social experience in advanced social understanding
In: Behavioral and brain sciences. - New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 27 (2004) 1, 97
OLC Linguistik
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8
Constructing an understanding of mind : the development of children's social understanding within social interaction (incl. open peer commentary and author's response)
In: Behavioral and brain sciences. - New York, NY [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 27 (2004) 1, 79-151
BLLDB
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9
Children's understanding of self-presentational behavior : links with mental-state reasoning and the attribution of embarrassment
In: Merrill-Palmer quarterly. - Detroit, Mich. : Wayne State Univ. Press 48 (2002) 4, 378-404
BLLDB
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