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Hits 161 – 180 of 184

161
Conceptual and Linguistic Factors in Children's Memory for Causal Expressions
Byrnes, James P.; Gelman, Susan A.. - : Sage Publications, 1990
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162
Incorporating new words into the lexicon : preliminary evidence for language hierarchies in two-year-old children
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 60 (1989) 3, 625-636
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163
The effects of object orientation and object type on children's interpretation of the word big
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 60 (1989) 2, 372-380
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164
Conceptual and lexical hierarchies in young children
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165
Nonegocentric uses of big and little by preschool children
In: Papers and reports on child language development. - Stanford, Calif. : Univ. 27 (1988), 47-54
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166
Word learning strategies in two-year-old children : evidence for category hierarchies
In: Papers and reports on child language development. - Stanford, Calif. : Univ. 27 (1988), 115-122
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167
Children's inductive inferences within superordinate categories : the role of language and category structure
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 59 (1988) 4, 876-887
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168
Adjectives and nouns : children's strategies for learning new words
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 59 (1988) 2, 411-419
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169
Measuring the influences of context : the interpretation of dimensional adjectives
In: Language and cognitive processes. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2 (1987) 3-4, 205-215
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170
Young children's inductions from natural kinds : the role of categories and appearances
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 58 (1987) 6, 1532-1541
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171
Categories and induction in young children
In: Cognition. - Amsterdam [u.a] : Elsevier 23 (1986) 3, 183-209
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172
Sammelaufnahme (Collective entry)
Adams, Alison K. (Mitarb.); Baldwin, Dare (Mitarb.); Cuvelier, Pol (Mitarb.)...
In: Papers and reports on child language development. - Stanford, Calif. : Univ. 25 (1986), 1-113
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173
Inferring properties from categories versus inferring categories from properties : the case of gender
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 57 (1986) 2, 396-404
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174
Implicit contrast in adjectives vs. nouns : implications for word-learning in preschoolers
In: Journal of child language. - Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press 12 (1985) 1, 125-143
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175
When 'big' does not refer to overall size : dimensional adjectives in context
In: Papers and reports on child language development. - Stanford, Calif. : Univ. 24 (1985), 62-69
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176
Compound nouns and category structure in young children
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 56 (1985) 1, 84-94
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177
How two-year-old children interpret proper and common names for unfamiliar objects
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 55 (1984) 4, 1535-1540
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178
Rule usage in children's understanding of big and little
In: Child development. - Malden, Ma. [u.a.] : Blackwell 55 (1984) 6, 2141-2150
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179
The Development of Pragmatic Differentiation Skills in Preschool-Aged Bilingual Children.
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180
So It Is, So It Shall Be: Group Regularities and Prescriptive Judgments
Abstract: Children negatively evaluate those who fail to conform to group norms (e.g., doctors who harm people, boys who wear lipstick; Kalish, 2012), yet to what extent do groups per se evoke a prescriptive stance? This was unaddressed in previous research, which provided additional cues that may have encouraged a prescriptive stance (e.g., moral principles, membership in one of the groups, or cultural input regarding non-conformity). In this dissertation, I tested whether children interpreted innocuous behaviors of novel groups (harmless characteristics shared by individuals within an unfamiliar group) as prescriptive (characteristics that individuals should do). Children ages 4-13 and adults were introduced to two novel groups: Hibbles and Glerks, who engaged in innocuous behaviors (i.e., the kind of music they listened to, berries they ate, games they played, and language they spoke). They were then shown conforming and non-conforming individuals and were assessed on the extent to which they approved or disapproved of their actions (measured though evaluations, negativity ratings, and open-ended explanations). In Chapter II, I report three studies finding that children disapproved of non-conformity and justified their disapproval through norm-based reasoning (e.g., “Hibbles are not supposed to do that”; Study 1). These effects replicated across competitive and cooperative intergroup contexts (Study 2) and stemmed from reasoning about group norms rather than norms applied to individuals (Study 3). In Chapter III, to more precisely understand what information children used to detect group norms, a new group of children was randomly distributed across four conditions that manipulated how group norms were presented: group labels, generic statements, visual groups, or control. Children disapproved of non-conformity in all but the control condition. Because U.S. society tends to value independence over interdependence (Markus & Kitayama, 1991), U.S. children may come to perceive non-conformity as an expression of individuality, and thus evaluate it less negatively than children from societies that tend to value interdependence. I tested this in Chapter IV by assessing children and adults recruited in Jianshi, China (population ~ 500,000). Paralleling U.S. children, Jianshi children disapproved of non-conformity and their rates of disapproval declined with age. In contrast to U.S. children, however, they remained relatively more disapproving at an older age. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that children used group norms to generate prescriptive judgments, and that this tendency emerged 1) when reasoning about innocuous behaviors in novel groups, 2) with only minimal perceptual and linguistic input, and 3) across cultures, though variable in the rate at which it declined across development. I will discuss the implications for how readily children engage in group-based norm enforcement and stereotyping, as well as the theoretical and practical significance of the present findings, and will detail concrete directions for future research. ; PHD ; Psychology ; University of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies ; https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138520/1/sothello_1.pdf
Keyword: conceptual development; development; group norms; Psychology; Social Sciences
URL: https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/138520
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