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1
Considering appropriate replication in the design of animal social network studies
Smith, Lesley A.; Swain, Dave L.; Innocent, Giles T.. - : Nature Publishing Group UK, 2019
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2
A dynamic systems approach to wait time in the second language classroom
Smith, Lesley; King, Jim. - : Elsevier, 2017
Abstract: The file associated with this record is under embargo until 24 months after publication, in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. The full text may be available through the publisher links provided above. ; This study discusses how wait time—the silent pause after a teacher elicits a student response—alters classroom discourse. Previous wait time research suggests overall positive changes in both teacher and student discourse where wait time is over 1 s. However, such studies are primarily structuralist in nature and tend to reduce the intricacy of classroom behavior to distinct variables, which can be easily altered to achieve a desired result. The data presented here comes from a series of structured observations of a UK university postgraduate L2 classroom. The findings were as follows: 1) Wait time played an intricate role in determining classroom discourse patterns and heavily favored an IRF turn-taking sequence; 2) student-initiated discourse was low in all observations and favored higher proficiency students; 3) the length of individual student-initiated turns appears to have been more important than the overall number of student-initiated turns in determining the quality of classroom discourse and was not directly related to changes in wait time length; 4) extended wait time (over 2 s in length) temporarily shifted discourse out of an IRF pattern and into a new, more student-driven phase. While previously thought of as only a pedagogical tool to increase student speech, wait time is shown to be a phenomenon which develops and changes with the composite forces that affect other aspects of classroom discourse. ; Peer-reviewed ; Post-print
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0346251X17304608
http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40181
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.05.005
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3
Social anxiety and silence in Japan's tertiary foreign language classrooms
King, James; Smith, Lesley. - : Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2016
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4
Therapy and support services for people with long-term stroke and aphasia and their relatives: a six-month follow-up study
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