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A psycholinguist who spoke his mouth: Introduction to the special issue on bilingualism in honour of Albert Costa
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In: ISSN: 2327-3798 ; EISSN: 2327-3801 ; Language, Cognition and Neuroscience ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03352500 ; Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, Taylor and Francis, 2021, 36 (7), pp.809-813. ⟨10.1080/23273798.2021.1955141⟩ (2021)
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Developmental Change in the Integration of Information During Online Sentence Comprehension. Evidence From Eye-Tracking and Event-Related-Potentials
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Neural representation of visual concepts in people born blind
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Neural Representations of Belief Concepts: A Representational Similarity Approach to Social Semantics
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Domain Selectivity in the Parahippocampal Gyrus Is Predicted by the Same Structural Connectivity Patterns in Blind and Sighted Individuals
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Man Bites Dog: The Representation of Structured Meaning in Left-Mid Superior Temporal Cortex
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Abstract:
Human brains flexibly combine the meanings of individual words to compose structured thoughts. For example, by combining the meanings of ‘bite’, ‘dog’, and ‘man’, we can think either of a dog biting a man, or the newsworthy case of a man biting a dog (Pinker, 1997). Here, in three functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) experiments, we identify a region of left-mid Superior Temporal Cortex (lmSTC) that represents the current values of abstract semantic variables (“Who did it?” and “To whom was it done?”) in anatomically distinct sub-regions. Experiment 1 first identifies a broad region of lmSTC whose activity patterns (a) facilitate decoding of who did what to whom and (b) predict affective amygdala responses that depend on this information (e.g. “the baby kicked the grandfather” vs. “the grandfather kicked the baby”). Experiment 2 then identifies distinct, but neighboring, sub-regions of lmSTC whose activity patterns carry information about the identity of the current agent (“Who did it?”) and the current patient (“To whom was it done?”). These neighboring sub-regions lie along the upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus and the lateral bank of the superior temporal gyrus, respectively. At a high-level, these regions may function like topographically defined data registers, encoding the fluctuating values of abstract semantic variables. Experiment 3 replicates the agent/patient topography of Experiment 2, and further suggests that these variables do not represent the grammatical relations of the sentence, but the semantic relations of the participants in the event described. The code by which lmSTC encodes the values of these variables remains unclear, however. We find no positive evidence that it is either phonological or semantic, leaving open the possibility that lmSTC prioritizes distinctiveness and efficiency by using a compressed code. This functional architecture, which in key respects resembles that of a classical computer, may play a critical role in enabling humans to flexibly generate complex thoughts. ; Psychology ; language; brain; fmri; compositionality; cognitive architecture;
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Keyword:
Biology; Cognitive; Neuroscience; Psychology
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URL: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467506
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Reading Without Speech Sounds: VWFA and its Connectivity in the Congenitally Deaf
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Disrupting the Brain to Validate Hypotheses on the Neurobiology of Language
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Person- and Place-Selective Neural Substrates for Entity-Specific Semantic Access
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Cortical systems for local and global integration in discourse comprehension
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