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Event integration mechanisms across languages and their psychological reality
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In: 15th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference: "Crosslinguistic Perspectives on Cognitive Linguistics" ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02277569 ; 15th International Cognitive Linguistics Conference: "Crosslinguistic Perspectives on Cognitive Linguistics", Aug 2019, Nishinomiya, Japan ; https://iclc2019.site (2019)
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Abstract:
International audience ; Two different modes of visual attention are recognized in visual cognition research: (a) an early ambient mode of processing; and (b) a late focal mode –the former associated with bottom-up mechanisms guided by low-level perceptual saliency features (i.e. configuration), and the latter related to top-down processing, based on high-level (i.e. contextual) information and depending on knowledge-based features such as semantic schemas, content, co-occurrence of objects in a scene etc. (Pannasch & Velichkovsky 2009). Knowledge-based information can be related to the linguistic knowledge of the viewers. More specifically, in the domain of motion event encoding, speakers’ knowledge depends on how available spatial components (e.g. Path, Manner) are in a language and how they combine into semantic schemas to form constrained spatial arrangements (Talmy 2006). Each language has a relatively closed set of ‘pre-packaged’ schemas and focuses differently on the core schema (i.e. the Path a Figure follows in a displacement): some (i.e. French) lexicalize the core schema in the main verb; others (i.e. English) express it in the periphery of the sentence. Many psycholinguistic studies (e.g. Papafragou et al. 2008) suggest that such language differences are only surface differences that cannot influence visual processing of events (unless only momentarily). According to these authors, gaze behaviour can change due to momentary top-down language effects when people prepare to speak, but language interference, if any, occurs late in the viewing process and is therefore considered to be superficial. For others, language effects do not only occur in verbal behaviour but extend to non-verbal behaviours such as eye movements (cf. Soroli et al. 2019 for a review) and have an early effect on low-level processing (Meteyard et al. 2007). Using verbal (production) and non-verbal measures (eye tracking), we investigated how speakers of two typologically different languages (English, French) perceive motion events visually and describe them verbally. Assuming that language can only have superficial effects that occur late during processing, no language differences should be found during the first stages of visual exploration. If, on the other hand, language has deeper psychological reality, then differences should be found not only during late exploration and verbalization but also during early/low-level scene viewing. The verbal measures confirmed the typological differences across the groups: English speakers systematically encoded Path in peripheral devices and lexicalized Manner in the verb; French speakers preferred to lexicalize Path downplaying details related to Manner. With respect to eye movements, the participants of the two groups explored the scenes very differently: while both groups showed higher proportion of focal than ambient fixations, short saccades and long smooth pursuits were more frequent in the English data compared with the French participants who opted for ambient gazes with higher proportions of large saccade amplitudes at the earliest stages of visual exploration. The findings suggest that both verbal encoding and event perception can be affected to a great extent by language-specific features. Typological properties are not just surface forms that merely emerge in verbal behavior: They leave traces at the earliest stages of cognitive processing and thus have a psychological reality that should not be ignored. ReferencesMeteyard, L., Bahrami, B. & Vigliocco, G. (2007). Motion detection and motion verbs: language affects low-level visual perception. Psychological Science, 18(11), 1007–1013.Pannasch, S. & Velichkovsky, B. M. (2009). Distractor effect and saccade amplitudes: Further evidence on different modes of processing in free exploration of visual images. Visual Cognition, 17(6–7), 1109–1131.Papafragou, A., Hulbert, J. & Trueswell, J. (2008). Does Language Guide Event Perception? Evidence from Eye Movements. Cognition, 108(1), 155–184.Soroli E., Hickmann M. & Hendriks H. (2019). Casting an eye on motion events: eye tracking and its implications for linguistic typology. In M. Aurnague & D. Stosic (eds.), The semantics of dynamic space in French: Descriptive, experimental and formal studies on motion expression, 249–288. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Talmy, L. (2006). The fundamental system of spatial schemas in language. In B. Hampe (ed.) From perception to meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics, 199–234. Mouton de Gruyter.
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Keyword:
[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics; [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology; [SCCO]Cognitive science; [SDV.NEU.SC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Cognitive Sciences; [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics; [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology; ambient/focal attentional modes; eye movements; language effect; motion event perception
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URL: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02277569
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Casting an eye on motion events: Eye tracking and its implications for linguistic typology
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In: The Semantics of Dynamic Space in French: Descriptive, experimental and formal studies on motion expression ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02268556 ; In Michel Aurnague & Dejan Stosic (eds.). The Semantics of Dynamic Space in French: Descriptive, experimental and formal studies on motion expression, pp.249-288, 2019 (2019)
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Mouvement provoqué sans agent : temporalité en anglais, français et français L2
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In: Structure informationnelle dans le discours natif et non-natif : contrastes typologiques ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03327085 ; Structure informationnelle dans le discours natif et non-natif : contrastes typologiques, Mar 2019, Paris, France (2019)
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Spatial information in narratives: How second language learners adopt (or not) to target languageexpression and organisation
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In: International Symposium of Bilingualism (ISBA12) "The Next Generation" ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03324204 ; International Symposium of Bilingualism (ISBA12) "The Next Generation", Jun 2019, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (2019)
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Mouvement provoqué sans agent : temporalité en anglais, français et français L2
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In: Structure informationnelle dans le discours natif et non-natif : contrastes typologiques ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03324225 ; Structure informationnelle dans le discours natif et non-natif : contrastes typologiques, Mar 2019, Paris, France (2019)
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Voluntary motion events in Uyghur: A typological perspective ...
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Voluntary motion events in Uyghur: A typological perspective
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Tobii or not Tobii? Assessing the validity of eye tracking data: Challenges and solutions
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In: Scandinavian Workshop on Applied Eye Tracking (SWAET) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01876773 ; Scandinavian Workshop on Applied Eye Tracking (SWAET), Aug 2018, Frederiksberg, Denmark. pp.7, ⟨10.16910/jemr.11.5⟩ ; https://bop.unibe.ch/JEMR/article/view/SWAET2018-Abstracts (2018)
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L’expression des procès spatiaux causatifs chez les apprenants francophones du chinois : pousser ou entrer ?
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In: ISSN: 1879-7865 ; EISSN: 1879-7873 ; Langage, Interaction et Acquisition / Language, Interaction and Acquisition ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01921584 ; Langage, Interaction et Acquisition / Language, Interaction and Acquisition , John Benjamins Publishing Company 2018 (2018)
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Typological and event constraints on the expression of time in SLA: the case of agent-less caused motion events
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In: Tense, Aspect and Modality in L2 (TAML2) ; https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01720291 ; Tense, Aspect and Modality in L2 (TAML2), Apr 2018, Leiden, Netherlands (2018)
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L’expression des procès spatiaux causatifs chez les apprenants francophones du chinois : pousser ou entrer ? ...
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Caused motion across child languages: a comparison of English, German, and French. ...
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L’expression des procès spatiaux causatifs chez les apprenants francophones du chinois : pousser ou entrer ?
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In: ISSN: 1879-7865 ; EISSN: 1879-7873 ; Langage, Interaction et Acquisition / Language, Interaction and Acquisition ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01921584 ; Langage, Interaction et Acquisition / Language, Interaction and Acquisition , John Benjamins Publishing Company 2018 (2018)
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L’expression des procès spatiaux causatifs chez les apprenants francophones du chinois : pousser ou entrer ?
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Caused motion across child languages: a comparison of English, German, and French.
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The expression of caused motion by French learners of Chinese L2: semantic encoding and syntactic structures
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In: International Workshop on Neglected Aspects of Motion Events Description ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01534179 ; International Workshop on Neglected Aspects of Motion Events Description, May 2017, Paris, France (2017)
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Expressing and categorizing motion in French and English: Verbal and non-verbal cognition across languages
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In: Motion and Space across Languages ; https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01638095 ; Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano. Motion and Space across Languages, 59, John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp.61-94, 2017, Human Cognitive Processing, 9789027246752. ⟨10.1075/hcp.59.04hic⟩ ; https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/hcp.59.04hic/details (2017)
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The expression of caused motion by French learners of Chinese L2: semantic encoding and syntactic structures
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In: International Workshop on Neglected Aspects of Motion Events Description ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01534179 ; International Workshop on Neglected Aspects of Motion Events Description, May 2017, Paris, France (2017)
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