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Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders
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Individual common variants exert weak effects on risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorderspi
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Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorderspi
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Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorderspi
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Visualizing Disease Associations: Graphic Analysis of Frequency Distributions as a Function of Age Using Moving Average Plots (MAP) with Application to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease
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Abstract:
Age-related variation in marker frequency can be a confounder in association studies, leading to both false positive and false negative findings and subsequently to inconsistent reproducibility. We have developed a simple method, based on a novel extension of moving average plots (MAP), which allows investigators to inspect the frequency data for hidden age-related variations. MAP uses the standard case-control association data and generates a birds-eye view of the frequency distributions across the age spectrum; a picture in which one can see if, how, and when the marker frequencies in cases differ from that in controls. The marker can be specified as an allele, genotype, haplotype, or environmental factor; and age can be age at onset, age when subject was last known to be unaffected, or duration of exposure. Signature patterns that emerge can help distinguish true disease associations from spurious associations due to age effects, age-varying associations from associations that are uniform across all ages, and associations with risk from associations with age-at-onset. Utility of MAP is illustrated by application to genetic and epidemiological association data for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. MAP is intended as a descriptive method, to complement standard statistical techniques. Although originally developed for age patterns, MAP is equally useful for visualizing any quantitative trait.
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19582778 https://doi.org/10.1002/gepi.20439 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796703
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Alleles of a reelin CGG repeat do not convey liability to autism in a sample from the CPEA network.
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In: American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics, vol 126B, iss 1 (2004)
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