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A Model of the Production Effect over the Short-Term: The Cost of Relative Distinctiveness
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22 |
Decoding verbal working memory representations of Chinese characters from Broca's area
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23 |
Creating a theoretical framework to underpin discourse assessment and intervention in aphasia
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A systematic review of language and communication intervention research delivered in groups to older adults living in care homes
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The interplay between early social interaction, language and executive function development in deaf and hearing infants
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When forgetting fosters learning: A neural network model for Statistical Learning
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28 |
Effects of semantic plausibility, syntactic complexity and n-gram frequency on children's sentence repetition
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30 |
Early bilingual experience is associated with change detection ability in adults
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31 |
FFA and OFA encode distinct types of face identity information
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Clocking in on autism: time perception and temporal aspects of communication in autism spectrum disorders
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Patient experiences of therapy for borderline personality disorder: Commonalities and differences between dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization-based therapy and relation to outcomes
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A Reference-Dependent Computational Model of Anorexia Nervosa
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Beliefs about unobservable scientific and religious entities are transmitted via subtle linguistic cues in parental testimony
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36 |
Nativeness, Social Distance and Structural Convergence in Dialogue
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How set switching affects the use of context-appropriate language by autistic and neuro-typical children
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Detecting joint attention events in mother-infant dyads : sharing looks cannot be reliably identified by naïve third-party observers
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Abstract:
Funding: This study was funded by an European Research Council Consolidator grant (ERC_CoG 2016_724608) awarded to KS (https://erc.europa.eu/funding/consolidator-grants). ; Joint attention, or sharing attention with another individual about an object or event, is a critical behaviour that emerges in pre-linguistic infants and predicts later language abilities. Given its importance, it is perhaps surprising that there is no consensus on how to measure joint attention in prelinguistic infants. A rigorous definition proposed by Siposova & Carpenter (2019) requires the infant and partner to gaze alternate between an object and each other (coordination of attention) and exchange communicative signals (explicit acknowledgement of jointly sharing attention). However, Hobson and Hobson (2007) proposed that the quality of gaze between individuals is, in itself, a sufficient communicative signal that demonstrates sharing of attention. They proposed that observers can reliably distinguish “sharing”, “checking”, and “orienting” looks, but the empirical basis for this claim is limited as their study focussed on two raters examining looks from 11-year-old children. Here, we analysed categorisations made by 32 naïve raters of 60 infant looks to their mothers, to examine whether they could be reliably distinguished according to Hobson and Hobson’s definitions. Raters had overall low agreement and only in 3 out of 26 cases did a significant majority of the raters agree with the judgement of the mother who had received the look. For the looks that raters did agree on at above chance levels, look duration and the overall communication rate of the mother were identified as cues that raters may have relied upon. In our experiment, naïve third party observers could not reliably determine the type of look infants gave to their mothers, which indicates that subjective judgements of types of look should not be used to identify mutual awareness of sharing attention in infants. Instead, we advocate the use of objective behaviour measurement to infer that interactants know they are ‘jointly’ attending to an object or event, and believe this will be a crucial step in understanding the ontogenetic and evolutionary origins of joint attention. ; Publisher PDF ; Peer reviewed
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Keyword:
BF; BF Psychology; DAS; RJ; RJ Pediatrics
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URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/23632 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255241
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39 |
Collective knowledge and the dynamics of culture in chimpanzees
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