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41
Seeing and Hearing a Word: Combining Eye and Ear Is More Efficient than Combining the Parts of a Word
Dubois, Matthieu; Poeppel, David; Pelli, Denis G.. - : Public Library of Science, 2013
Abstract: To understand why human sensitivity for complex objects is so low, we study how word identification combines eye and ear or parts of a word (features, letters, syllables). Our observers identify printed and spoken words presented concurrently or separately. When researchers measure threshold (energy of the faintest visible or audible signal) they may report either sensitivity (one over the human threshold) or efficiency (ratio of the best possible threshold to the human threshold). When the best possible algorithm identifies an object (like a word) in noise, its threshold is independent of how many parts the object has. But, with human observers, efficiency depends on the task. In some tasks, human observers combine parts efficiently, needing hardly more energy to identify an object with more parts. In other tasks, they combine inefficiently, needing energy nearly proportional to the number of parts, over a 60∶1 range. Whether presented to eye or ear, efficiency for detecting a short sinusoid (tone or grating) with few features is a substantial 20%, while efficiency for identifying a word with many features is merely 1%. Why? We show that the low human sensitivity for words is a cost of combining their many parts. We report a dichotomy between inefficient combining of adjacent features and efficient combining across senses. Joining our results with a survey of the cue-combination literature reveals that cues combine efficiently only if they are perceived as aspects of the same object. Observers give different names to adjacent letters in a word, and combine them inefficiently. Observers give the same name to a word’s image and sound, and combine them efficiently. The brain’s machinery optimally combines only cues that are perceived as originating from the same object. Presumably such cues each find their own way through the brain to arrive at the same object representation.
Keyword: Research Article
URL: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064803
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3667182
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23734220
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42
Physiological evidence for auditory modulation filterbanks: Cortical responses to concurrent modulations
Xiang, Juanjuan; Poeppel, David; Simon, Jonathan Z.. - : Acoustical Society of America, 2013
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43
The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex
Kubanek, Jan; Brunner, Peter; Gunduz, Aysegul. - : Public Library of Science, 2013
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44
The maps problem and the mapping problem: two challenges for a cognitive neuroscience of speech and language
In: Cognitive neuropsychology. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 29 (2012) 1-2, 34-55
BLLDB
OLC Linguistik
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45
Temporal context in speech processing and attentional stream selection: a behavioral and neural perspective
In: Brain & language. - Orlando, Fla. [u.a.] : Elsevier 122 (2012) 3, 151-161
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OLC Linguistik
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46
Neuronal oscillations and speech perception: critical-band temporal envelopes are the essence
In: ISSN: 1662-5161 ; Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Vol. 6 (2012) P. 340 (2012)
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47
Cortical oscillations and speech processing: emerging computational principles and operations
In: ISSN: 1097-6256 ; Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 15, No 4 (2012) pp. 511-7 (2012)
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48
Towards a new neurobiology of language
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49
Cortical Oscillations in Auditory Perception and Speech: Evidence for Two Temporal Windows in Human Auditory Cortex
Luo, Huan; Poeppel, David. - : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2012
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50
Mental imagery of speech: linking motor and perceptual systems through internal simulation and estimation
Tian, Xing; Poeppel, David. - : Frontiers Media S.A., 2012
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51
The maps problem and the mapping problem: Two challenges for a cognitive neuroscience of speech and language
Poeppel, David. - 2012
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52
Semantics between cognitive neuroscience and linguistic theory: guest editors' introduction
In: Language and cognitive processes. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 26 (2011) 9, 1297-1316
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OLC Linguistik
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53
Feedforward and feedback in speech perception: revisiting analysis by synthesis
In: Language and cognitive processes. - Abingdon : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 26 (2011) 7, 935-951
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OLC Linguistik
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54
Recognizing words from speech : the perception-action-memory loop
In: Lexical representation (Berlin, 2011), p. 171-196
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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55
A special issue: The cognitive neuroscience of semantic processing
Hinzen, Wolfram; Poeppel, David. - Hove : Psychology Press, 2011
MPI für Psycholinguistik
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56
A mutual information analysis of neural coding of speech by low-frequency MEG phase information.
Cogan, Gregory B; Poeppel, David. - : American Physiological Society, 2011
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57
A mutual information analysis of neural coding of speech by low-frequency MEG phase information
Cogan, Gregory B.; Poeppel, David. - : American Physiological Society, 2011
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58
Evidence for Early Morphological Decomposition: Combining Masked Priming with Magnetoencephalography
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59
Genetics and language: a neurobiological perspective on the missing link (-ing hypotheses)
Poeppel, David. - : Springer US, 2011
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60
MEG, PSYCHOPHYSICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF LOUDNESS, TIMBRE, AND AUDIOVISUAL INTEGRATION
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