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Megaxyela fulvago Stephan M. Blank & Katja Kramp & David R. Smith & Yuri N. Sundukov & Meicai Wei & Akihiko Shinohara 2017, sp. nov. ...
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Megaxyela euchroma Stephan M. Blank & Katja Kramp & David R. Smith & Yuri N. Sundukov & Meicai Wei & Akihiko Shinohara 2017, sp. nov. ...
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Megaxyela fulvago Stephan M. Blank & Katja Kramp & David R. Smith & Yuri N. Sundukov & Meicai Wei & Akihiko Shinohara 2017, sp. nov. ...
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Megaxyela euchroma Stephan M. Blank & Katja Kramp & David R. Smith & Yuri N. Sundukov & Meicai Wei & Akihiko Shinohara 2017, sp. nov. ...
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Speaker-Sex Discrimination for Voiced and Whispered Vowels at Short Durations
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Pristaulacus thailandensis Turrisi & Smith 2011, sp. nov. ...
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Pristaulacus thailandensis Turrisi & Smith 2011, sp. nov. ...
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How the Human Brain Recognizes Speech in the Context of Changing Speakers
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Discrimination of speaker sex and size when glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length are controlleda)
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The processing and perception of size information in speech soundsa)
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The interaction of glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length in judgements of speaker size, sex, and agea)
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Abstract:
Glottal-pulse rate (GPR) and vocal-tract length (VTL) are related to the size, sex, and age of the speaker but it is not clear how the two factors combine to influence our perception of speaker size, sex, and age. This paper describes experiments designed to measure the effect of the interaction of GPR and VTL upon judgements of speaker size, sex, and age. Vowels were scaled to represent people with a wide range of GPRs and VTLs, including many well beyond the normal range of the population, and listeners were asked to judge the size and sex/age of the speaker. The judgements of speaker size show that VTL has a strong influence upon perceived speaker size. The results for the sex and age categorization (man, woman, boy, or girl) show that, for vowels with GPR and VTL values in the normal range, judgements of speaker sex and age are influenced about equally by GPR and VTL. For vowels with abnormal combinations of low GPRs and short VTLs, the VTL information appears to decide the sex/age judgement.
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Keyword:
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URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16334696 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2346770
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Rater consistency and judgment in the direct assessment of second language writing ability within the certificates in spoken and written English
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