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Between words and characters: A Brief History of Open-Vocabulary Modeling and Tokenization in NLP
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In: https://hal.inria.fr/hal-03540069 ; 2022 (2022)
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The (white) ears of Ofsted: a raciolinguistic perspective on the listening practices of the schools inspectorate
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Distinct neural signatures of schizotypy and psychopathy during visual word-nonword recognition
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Abstract:
Data availability statement: The data used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. ; Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Previous behavioural data indicate lower word-nonword recognition accuracy in association with a high level of positive schizotypy, psychopathy, or motor impulsivity traits, each with some unique contribution, in the general population. This study aimed to examine the neural underpinnings of these associations using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a volunteer sample. Twenty-two healthy English-speaking adults completed self-report measures of schizotypy (Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences [O-LIFE]), psychopathy (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure [TriPM]), and impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale [BIS-11]) and underwent whole-brain fMRI while performing a lexical decision task (LDT) featuring high and low-frequency words, real nonwords, and pseudohomophones. Higher positive schizotypy (Unusual Experiences) was associated with lower cerebellum activity during identification of low-frequency words (over real nonwords). Higher Boldness (fearless dominance) and Meanness (callous aggression) facets of psychopathy were associated with lower striatal and posterior cingulate activity when identifying nonwords over words. Higher Motor Impulsivity was associated with lower activity in the fusiform (bilaterally), inferior frontal (right-sided), and temporal gyri (bilaterally) across all stimuli-types over resting baseline. Positive schizotypy, psychopathy, and impulsivity traits influence word-nonword recognition through distinct neurocognitive mechanisms. Positive schizotypy and psychopathy appear to influence LDT performance through brain areas that play only a supportive (cerebellum) or indirect role in reading-related skills. The negative association between Motor Impulsivity and activations typically found for phonological processing and automatic word identification indicates a reduced bilateral integration of the meaning and sound of mental word representations, and inability to select the appropriate outputs, in impulsive individuals. ; This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
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Keyword:
lexical decision; motor impulsivity; psychopathy; reading; schizotypy
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URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.25872 https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/24459
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Application of Article 5 of the ECHR to the detention of a person who has committed a criminal offense
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In: Revista de Direito Internacional; v. 19, n. 1 (2022): International Law and climate litigation ; 2237-1036 ; 2236-997X (2022)
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Development of a standard of care for patients with valosin-containing protein associated multisystem proteinopathy.
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In: Orphanet journal of rare diseases, vol 17, iss 1 (2022)
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Traduction automatique et doublage : impressions d'une expérience d'enseignement
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In: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03583626 ; 2022 (2022)
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Makoraba, Mochorba & Maka Revisited: A Geo-Linguistic Perspective ...
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Protocol for the development of the international population registry for aphasia after stroke (I-PRAISE)
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In: Research outputs 2014 to 2021 (2022)
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SHAS: Approaching optimal Segmentation for End-to-End Speech Translation ...
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A computational investigation of inventive spelling and the “Lesen durch Schreiben” method ...
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Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders (de Wit et al., 2016) ...
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Characteristics of Auditory Processing Disorders (de Wit et al., 2016) ...
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Working memory predicts word learning (Gray et al., 2022) ...
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