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Experiências em contexto: a experimentação numa perspectiva sócio-cultural-histórica ; Experiences in context: experimentation in a socio-cultural-historical perspective
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Abstract:
Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar as atividades experimentais como recurso de ensino-aprendizagem, com base na Teoria da atividade. As atividades experimentais têm sido apontadas por muitos professores e pesquisadores como responsável por diminuir as dificuldades e proporcionar uma aprendizagem mais prazerosa. Porém, pesquisas ainda não mostraram de maneira clara qual a relação entre a realização de atividades deste tipo e a aprendizagem. Diante da diversidade de sentidos atribuídos à atividade experimental buscamos entender como este tipo de atividade tem sido concebida. Este panorama geral nos permite entender o grande número de abordagens que se pode conseguir com este recurso. Com isso, evidenciamos problemas que têm sido associados a realização de atividades experimentais, os quais exploramos, sob a perspectiva cultural-histórica, suas origens. Nesta perspectiva, entendemos que a Física é uma manifestação da atividade do homem no mundo, isto é, não pode ser compreendida de maneira descontextualizada, fora das práticas humanas. Dessa forma, a educação deve proporcionar aos sujeitos a imersão nas práticas culturais já estabelecidas e fornecer a ele instrumentos de mediação, inclusive os da ciência, para que atue no mundo de maneira consciente. A atividade experimental, como parte dessa produção cultural, só adquire sentidos quando mergulhada em uma práxis, onde sujeitos compreendem seu papel na atividade, quando compartilham certos instrumentos mediadores comuns que os farão ter acesso ao mesmo objeto, ou seja, participar de uma mesma atividade. Como fruto desta atividade, após um processo de significação e ressignificação, de reconhecimento dos contextos de validade dos instrumentos mediadores, os sujeitos, de posse destes instrumentos, tem chance de atuar em outros contextos dando novos significados a sua vivência. ; The main objective of this work is to analyze the experimental activities as tools for teaching and learning based on Activity Theory. The experimental activities have been pointed out by many teachers and researchers as responsible for reducing the difficulties and provide a more enjoyable learning. However, researches do not show clearly what is the relationship between perform such activities and learning. Facing the diversity of meanings attributed to the experimental activity we initially review the literature about the ways this type of activity has been designed. This overview allows us to understand the numerous approaches that can be achieved with this resource. Then, we highlight problems that have been associated with the use of experiments and we explore them from the cultural-historical perspective. From this point of view, we understand that physics is a manifestation of human activity in the world, i.e. cannot be understood decontextualized from the human practices. Thus, education should provide subjects' immersion in the cultural practices already established and providing mediation tools, including science, to act consciously in the world. The experimental activity, as part of cultural production, only acquires meaning when imbibed into a practice where subjects understand their role in the activity, they share common mediating tools that will provide access to the same object, or part of the same activity. As a result of this activity, after a process of meaning and reinterpretation, the recognition of the contexts of validity of the mediators' instruments, the subjects in possession of these instruments have a chance to perform in other contexts, giving new meaning to their living situation.
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Keyword:
Activity theory; Dialectic materialism; Experience; Experiência; Experimentação; Experimentation; Materialismo dialético; Teoria da atividade
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URL: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-31052012-104321/
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| 84 |
Statistical Analysis of Alignment Characteristics for Phrase-based Machine Translation
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In: Proceedings of the 14th European Association for Machine Translation ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00525181 ; Proceedings of the 14th European Association for Machine Translation, May 2010, Saint-Raphaël, France. no page number (2010)
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| 85 |
Talkminer: a lecture webcast search engine
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In: http://www.fxpal.com/publications/FXPAL-PR-10-592.pdf (2010)
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| 86 |
Detecting Opinions and their Opinion Targets
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In: http://research.nii.ac.jp/ntcir/workshop/OnlineProceedings8/NTCIR/07-NTCIR8-MOAT-ChoiY.pdf (2010)
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| 87 |
Folks in folksonomies: social link prediction from shared metadata
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In: http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/42/98/86/PDF/wsdm141-schifanella.pdf (2010)
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| 88 |
Adapting information bottleneck method for automatic construction of domain-oriented sentiment lexicon
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In: http://www.wsdm-conference.org/2010/proceedings/docs/p111.pdf (2010)
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Semantic lexicon adaptation for use in query interpretation
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In: http://www.ra.ethz.ch/cdstore/www2010/www/p1167.pdf (2010)
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| 90 |
Click on Bake to Get Cookies: Guiding Word-Finding with Semantic Associations
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In: http://sonify.psych.gatech.edu/%7Ewalkerb/classes/assisttech/pdf/Nikolova%282010%29.pdf (2010)
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| 92 |
Classifying latent user attributes in twitter
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In: https://csc-869-mlog.googlecode.com/files/p37-rao.pdf (2010)
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Segmentation of multisentence questions: towards effective question retrieval in cQA services
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In: http://www.public.asu.edu/~xiahu/papers/sigir10Hu.pdf (2010)
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Phonenet: a phone-to-phone network for group communication within an administrative domain
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In: http://mobisocial.stanford.edu/papers/held09k-huang.pdf (2010)
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Spatiotemporal mapping of Wikipedia concepts
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In: http://comupedia.org/adrian/articles/jcdl75-popescu.pdf (2010)
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An Information-extraction system for Urdu—a resource-poor language
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User-Defined Gestures for Connecting Mobile Phones, Public Displays, and Tabletops
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Tiara: a visual exploratory text analytic system
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| 99 |
The Effect of Different Context Representations on Word Sense Discrimination in Biomedical Texts
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In: http://www.d.umn.edu/~tpederse/Pubs/acm-ihi-2010-pedersen.pdf (2010)
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Transliteration for resource-scarce languages
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In: http://www.cse.iitb.ac.in/~damani/papers/TALIP10/transliterationTALIP10.pdf (2010)
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