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The comparative study of the Japonic languages
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In: Approaches to endangered languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, documentation and revitalization ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856152 ; Approaches to endangered languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, documentation and revitalization, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Aug 2018, Tachikawa, Japan ; http://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/ael (2018)
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Abstract:
International audience ; Why do we compare? (1) Goals and methods of science • to advance our understanding of the world • answering " what? " (observation) is not sufficient, we also need to ask " how? " and " why? " (explanation) • the hallmark of the scientific method is the artificial experiment , but such experiments are often not possible or ethical in many fields, especially those who study the past and unique events: evolutionary biology, archaeology, but also epidemiology, ecology, sociology, etc. • one alternative to the controlled experiment is the " natural experiment " , or " comparative method " : manipulation is replaced by comparison with other attested cases • comparison has a long history and has been a standard method of enquiry in anatomy for centuries We consider that it is worth while to examine many animals of different species because what is often more condensed or more concealed in one species Nature displays more clearly and openly in another. (Regnier de Graaf 1663, Disputatio medica de natura et usu succi pancreatici, cited in Cole 1944: 12) (2) In linguistics too, comparison is an invaluable tool 1. typological comparison: search for the universal laws, tendencies, and possible variations of language (see the presentation by M. Shimoji) 2. historical comparison: explanation of languages by reference to their evolutionary changes, as revealed by comparison with related languages 1 The historical comparative method in linguistics (3) Motivation and method • usually, we cannot observe ling. changes, only their results • there are usually few historical records, so that we have to rely on comparison with related languages, which constitute as many pieces of the original puzzle • we infer (reconstruct) an earlier state (proto-language) from which all languages can be plausibly derived • regularity of sound change and arbitrariness of form-meaning associations allow to rule out coincidences (4) Alternatives to the traditional comparative method? • mass comparison, lexical diffusion, allofams, typology-based classifications, etc., have not and will never produce any reliable etymology nor explain any irregular inflection • i.e. they do not solve interesting problems
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Keyword:
[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics; Comparative Linguistics; Comparative Method; Historical-comparative linguistics; Japanese language; Japonic languages; Ryukyuan languages
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URL: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856152/document
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856152
https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856152/file/Pellard_2018_The%20comparative%20study%20of%20the%20Japonic%20languages.pdf
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The comparative study of the Japonic languages
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In: Approaches to endangered languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, documentation and revitalization ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01856152 ; Approaches to endangered languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, documentation and revitalization, National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Aug 2018, Tachikawa, Japan ; http://www2.ninjal.ac.jp/ael (2018)
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ALIGNJaFr_public-v0.8.2
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In: https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01847339 ; 2018 (2018)
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Automatic Evaluation of Alignments without using a Gold-Corpus ; Automatic Evaluation of Alignments without using a Gold-Corpus: Example with French-Japanese Aligned Corpora
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In: Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018) ; https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01789350 ; Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2018), European Language Resources Association (ELRA), May 2018, Miyazaki, Japan ; http://lrec-conf.org (2018)
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