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Influence of encoding difficulty, word frequency, and phonological regularity on age differences in word naming.
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Abstract:
It is presently unclear as to why older adults take longer than younger adults to recognize visually presented words. To examine this issue in more detail, the authors conducted two word-naming studies (Experiment 1: 20 older adults and 20 younger adults; Experiment 2: 60 older adults and 60 younger adults) to determine the relative effects of orthographic encoding (case type), lexical access (word frequency), and phonological regularity (regular vs. irregular phonology). The hypothesis was that older adults attempt to compensate for sensory and motor slowing by using progressively larger perceptual units (holistic encoding). However, if forced to use smaller perceptual units (e.g., by using mixed-case presentation), it was predicted that older adults would be particularly challenged. Older adults did show larger case-mixing effects than younger adults (suggesting that older adults' performances were especially poor when they were forced to use smaller perceptual units), but there were no age differences in word frequency or phonological regularity even though both age groups showed main effects for these variables. These results suggest that lexical access skill remains stable in the addressed (orthographic/semantic) and assembled (phonological) routes over the life span, but that older adults slow down in recognizing words because it takes them longer to normalize (perceptually "clean up") noisier sensory information.
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Keyword:
80 and over; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Attention; Comprehension; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pattern Recognition; Phonetics; Psychology; Reaction Time; Reading; Recognition; Semantics; Verbal Behavior; Verbal Learning; Visual; Vocabulary; Young Adult
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URL: https://hdl.handle.net/10161/22543
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| 2 |
A Mechanistic Framework for Explaining Audience Design in Language Production.
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In: Annual review of psychology, vol 70, iss 1 (2019)
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| 5 |
Breaking voice identity perception: Expressive voices are more confusable for listeners.
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| 6 |
A method to develop vocabulary checklists in new languages and their validity to assess early language development.
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In: Journal of health, population, and nutrition, vol 37, iss 1 (2018)
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| 7 |
Semantic and phonological schema influence spoken word learning and overnight consolidation. ...
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| 8 |
Semantic and phonological schema influence spoken word learning and overnight consolidation.
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| 9 |
Action mechanisms for social cognition: behavioral and neural correlates of developing Theory of Mind.
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In: Developmental science, vol 20, iss 5 (2017)
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| 10 |
Contingencies Between Infants' Gaze, Vocal, and Manual Actions and Mothers' Object-Naming: Longitudinal Changes From 4 to 9 Months.
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In: Developmental neuropsychology, vol 41, iss 5-8 (2016)
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| 11 |
Partly segregated cortico-subcortical pathways support phonologic and semantic verbal fluency: A lesion study.
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In: Neuroscience, vol. 329, pp. 275-283 (2016)
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| 12 |
Suprasegmental Information Affects Processing of Talking Faces at Birth
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In: Infant Behavior & Development ; https://hal.parisnanterre.fr//hal-01478455 ; Infant Behavior & Development, 2015, 38, pp.11-19. ⟨10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.11.003⟩ (2015)
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| 13 |
The Effects of Language Dominance in the Perception and Production of the Galician Mid Vowel Contrasts.
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In: Phonetica, vol 72, iss 4 (2015)
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| 14 |
Second-language fluency predicts native language stroop effects: evidence from Spanish-English bilinguals.
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In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, vol 20, iss 3 (2014)
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| 15 |
Optimally efficient neural systems for processing spoken language. ...
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| 16 |
Optimally efficient neural systems for processing spoken language.
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| 17 |
fMRI and corpus callosum relationships in monozygotic twins discordant for handedness.
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In: Symplectic Elements at Oxford ; Europe PubMed Central ; PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) ; Web of Science (Lite) (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/summary.do) ; Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) ; CrossRef (2013)
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| 18 |
Taking the epistemic step: toward a model of on-line access to conversational implicatures.
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In: Cognition , 126 (3) 423 - 440. (2013) (2013)
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| 19 |
"Bouba" and "Kiki" in Namibia? A remote culture make similar shape-sound matches, but different shape-taste matches to Westerners.
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In: Symplectic Elements at Oxford ; Europe PubMed Central ; PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) ; Web of Science (Lite) (http://apps.webofknowledge.com/summary.do) ; Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) ; CrossRef (2013)
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| 20 |
The relationship between gender, receptive vocabulary, and literacy from school entry through to adulthood.
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In: Int J Speech Lang Pathol , 15 (4) pp. 407-415. (2013) (2013)
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