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Integration of Social Context vs. Linguistic Reference During Situated Language Processing
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The Role of Literal Features During Processing of Novel Verbal Metaphors
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Influence of Actor's Congruent and Incongruent Gaze on Language Processing
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Abstract:
In interpreting spoken sentences in event contexts, comprehenders both integrate their current interpretation of language with the recent past (e.g., events they have witnessed) and develop expectations about future event possibilities. Tense cues can disambiguate this linking but temporary ambiguity in their interpretation may lead comprehenders to also rely on further, situation-specific cues (e.g., an actor's gaze as a cue to his future actions). How comprehenders reconcile these different cues in real time is an open issue that we must address to accommodate comprehension. It has been suggested that relating a referential expression (e.g., a verb) to a referent (e.g., a recent event) is preferred over relying on other cues that refer to the future and are not yet referentially grounded (“recent-event preference”). Two visual-world eye-tracking experiments compared this recent-event preference with effects of an actor's gaze and of tense/temporal adverbs as cues to a future action event. The results revealed that people overall preferred to focus on the recent (vs. future) event target in their interpretation, suggesting that while a congruent and incongruent actor gaze can jointly with futuric linguistic cues neutralize the recent-event preference late in the sentence, the latter still plays a key role in shaping participants' initial verb-based event interpretation. Additional post-experimental memory tests provided insight into the longevity of the gaze effects. ; Peer Reviewed
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Keyword:
150 Psychologie; ddc:150; eye-tracking; incongruent gaze cue; recent-event preference; short-term linguistic and visual experiences; tense comprehension
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URL: https://doi.org/10.18452/23628
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701742
http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/24294
https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-110-18452/24294-2
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Referential vs. Non-referential World-Language Relations: How Do They Modulate Language Comprehension in 4 to 5-Year-Olds, Younger, and Older Adults?
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Extending Situated Language Comprehension (Accounts) with Speaker and Comprehender Characteristics: Toward Socially Situated Interpretation
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Do people prefer to inspect the target of a recent action?: The case of verb-action mismatches
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Eye-tracking situated language comprehension: Immediate actor gaze versus recent action events
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(Beyond) referential mechanisms in spatial language comprehension
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