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Animalizing women and feminizing men: The psychological intersections of human supremacism, sexism, and anti-veganism
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Abstract:
Ecofeminist scholars have proposed that oppressive attitudes towards women and animals are interrelated. This thesis uses quantitative methods to test predictions derived from ecofeminist theory that have thus far received little empirical attention in psychology. The first empirical chapter of this thesis, Chapter 2, investigates the associations between human supremacy beliefs over animals and nature, dehumanization of women, and ambivalent sexism. Across five studies (total N = 2,409), human supremacy beliefs were associated with hostile and benevolent sexism. Dehumanization of women was primarily associated with hostile sexism, whereas views of women as connected to nature were primarily associated with benevolent sexism. The results further demonstrated that Social Dominance Orientation as an underlying ideological factor partly explained the association between human supremacy beliefs and sexism and between dehumanization and hostile sexism, whereas benevolent beliefs about nature partly explained the association between women's connection to nature and benevolent sexism. The second empirical chapter, Chapter 3, focuses on the role of masculinity perceptions and gender role beliefs in the evaluation of plant-based meat alternatives. Across two experiments (total N = 484), images of identical meat dishes were evaluated more negatively when labelled as plant-based meat as opposed to regular meat, and this was partly explained by the lower perceived masculinity of plant-based meat dishes. The association between perceived masculinity and evaluations was stronger for participants higher (vs. lower) in traditional gender role beliefs. The third empirical chapter, Chapter 4, turns the focus onto the role of masculinity perceptions and gender role beliefs in bias towards vegetarian and vegan men. One correlational study and two experiments (total N = 1258) confirmed that bias towards vegetarian and vegan men is partly explained by their lower perceived masculinity, and that this link is stronger for those higher (vs. lower) in traditional gender role beliefs. Taken together, the findings of this thesis demonstrate that 1) beliefs about nature and animals, and about women in relation to nature and animals, are associated with gender-based prejudice and 2) beliefs about gender roles and perceptions of masculinity are associated with anti-vegan biases towards both plant-based meat alternatives and vegan men. Thus, this thesis adds to the growing body of literature showing that human intergroup and human-animal relations are meaningfully interconnected and can inform and expand each other.
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Keyword:
BF Psychology
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URL: https://kar.kent.ac.uk/93763/1/156PhD_Dissertation_Alina_Salmen_FINAL_VERSION.pdf
https://kar.kent.ac.uk/93763/
https://doi.org/10.22024/UniKent/01.02.93763
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| 2 |
The social and psychological work of metaphor: a corpus linguistic investigation
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Clocking in on autism: time perception and temporal aspects of communication in autism spectrum disorders
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| 4 |
Studying the behavioural, physiological, and neural indices of associative learning in multi-trial paradigms: methodological and analytical considerations
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| 5 |
Functional and structural properties of spatial processing networks in the brain
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| 6 |
Investigating the role of image meaning and prior knowledge in human eye movements control
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| 7 |
The “Good is Up” metaphoric effects on recognition: True for source guessing but false for item memory
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Using an educational psychologist led psychoeducation group skills intervention to develop the emotion regulation skills of further education students
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| 9 |
Individual differences in neural architecture supporting mental time travel
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| 10 |
Group interventions for the reduction of psychological distress in university students
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| 12 |
Narratives of loss and resolution: Continuing bonds in the maternal experience of stillbirth
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| 13 |
Meaning-making of the subjective experience of psychosis, when subject to a dominant psychiatric discourse: a dynamic phenomenological and discursive analysis
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| 14 |
The Effects of Social Context and Perspective on Language Processing: Evidence from Autism Spectrum Disorder
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| 16 |
Immersive video modelling: a mixed methods evaluation of a life skills intervention in a specialist secondary setting
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| 17 |
Language comprehension in healthy ageing and mild cognitive impairment
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| 18 |
The use of dialectical behavioural therapy in the treatment of female patients in secure settings
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| 19 |
The comparative mechanisms of silent reading and reading aloud in people with dyslexia
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| 20 |
Fine motor control in using pen for writing and copying: in the impaired and healthy brain
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