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Functional and Anatomical Adaptations in Multilingual Language Users
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Abstract:
AbstractLanguage is a quintessentially human trait. Many decades of neurolinguistic research provided evidence of neural structures which specialize in complex linguistic and cognitive processes supporting human communications. Because the world is multilingual, (Crystal, 2010; de Bot, 2019) a prominent question related to brain processes supporting language is whether the neural representation of language changes as a function of the number of languages one knows. This study attempts to depict a more comprehensive picture of brain plasticity in multilinguals, by integrating behavioral with functional, structural, and diffusion MRI data. The questions investigated stem from newer dual-stream models of language processing that frame brain architecture, supporting language function in terms of a language network (Friederici & Gierhan, 2013; Hickok & Poeppel, 2007b). Based on this framework, language representation for multilinguals compared to monolinguals is investigated within brain regions specialized for language processing (a.k.a. core language nodes; Fedorenko & Thompson-schill, 2014), and regions of domain-generality, associated with language control. Three main findings surface from this investigation. First, monolinguals and highly proficient multilinguals similarly recruit core language brain regions during the processing of native and second languages. These same regions show similar restructuring patterns in grey matter structure and white matter connectivity. Second, compared to monolinguals, highly proficient multilingual speakers show stronger reliance on the cingulo-striatal subnetwork (Dosenbach et al., 2008; Wu et al., 2021) of the cognitive control system, during language comprehension. Decreases in grey matter thickness and volume, along with changes in white matter integrity within this subnetwork, accompany changes in the responsiveness of these regions during language tasks. Finally, contrary to predictions of recent models of bilingual language inhibition and control (Green, 1986, 1998), multilinguals show different patterns of language activation and inhibition. Additionally, these seem to be modulated by language dominance. The implications of these findings on current neurolinguistic theory and models of language processing in speakers of multiple languages (Abutalebi & Green, 2016; Green & Abutalebi, 2013; Grundy et al., 2017; Pliatsikas, 2020) are discussed.
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Keyword:
age of acquisition; brain restructuring; immersion; Language; language dominance; Linguistics; multilingualism; second language
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URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20m9d4wh
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Loving the Language: The Choice, Marketing, and Impact of Mandarin Immersion
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Fostering teacher language awareness in a primary English-language immersion school in France: supporting teachers on the road to engaging students’ bilingual competencies
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In: ISSN: 0965-8416 ; Language Awareness ; https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-03573322 ; In press (2021)
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State capacity and the uneven cost of nation building: Language mismatch and literacy levels in Valencia
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Telecollaboration and Students’ Language Learning Attitudes in a Dual Immersion Program
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РАЗЛИЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ПРЕПОДАВАНИЮ ИНОСТРАННОГО ЯЗЫКА ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ЦЕЛЕЙ ... : DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES ...
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Theories and Principles of Bilingual Education: An Annotated Bibliography ...
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Theories and Principles of Bilingual Education: An Annotated Bibliography ...
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Theories and Principles of Bilingual Education: An Annotated Bibliography ...
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L’enseignement d’une langue seconde aux jeunes enfants dans le contexte d’une classe d’immersion française en Alberta : retour sur des stratégies efficaces
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Inventar des zweisprachigen Unterrichts : das Pilotprojekt Bern·e = Inventaire de l'enseignement bilingue : le projet pilote Bern·e
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It takes a village: Digitizing domestic summer programs to confront COVID-19
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Urlaub, Per. - : University of Hawaii National Foreign Language Resource Center, 2020. : (co-sponsored by American Association of University of Supervisors and Coordinators; Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition; Center for Educational Reources in Culture, Language, and Literacy; Center for Open Educational Resources and Language Learning; Open Language Resource Center; Second Language Teaching and Resource Center), 2020
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Bilinguisme et immersion universitaire. Vers la réalisation d’un idéal politique
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In: Langage et société, N 172, 1, 2020-12-23, pp.151-173 (2020)
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Classification Accuracy of Spanish CBMs for Students in a Dual Immersion Program
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Student use of Aspirational and Linguistic Social Capital in an Urban Immigrant-centered English Immersion High School
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In: The High School Journal, Winter 2013, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp. 92-106. (2019)
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“We teach this way because it is the model we’ve adopted”: Asymmetries in language and literacy policies and implementation in Two Way Immersion Programs
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In: Research Papers in Education, 2009, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 175-200 (2019)
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Findings from the first phase of developing a receptive vocabulary test for the Irish language
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Nurturing language identities in the early French immersion classroom ; Nourrir les identités linguistiques en immersion précoce
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Leveraging authentic media to design scalable foreign language learning systems
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