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Addressing patients’ communication support needs through speech-language pathologist-nurse information-sharing: Employing ethnography to understand the acute stroke context
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A Systematic Review of Studies Describing the Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Potential Harms of Place-Based Interventions to Address Loneliness and Mental Health Problems
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Time for talk: The work of reflexivity in developing empirical understanding of speech and language therapist and nursing interaction on stroke wards
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Decoding verbal working memory representations of Chinese characters from Broca's area
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Creating a theoretical framework to underpin discourse assessment and intervention in aphasia
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When forgetting fosters learning: A neural network model for Statistical Learning
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Early bilingual experience is associated with change detection ability in adults
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FFA and OFA encode distinct types of face identity information
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Patient experiences of therapy for borderline personality disorder: Commonalities and differences between dialectical behaviour therapy and mentalization-based therapy and relation to outcomes
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A Reference-Dependent Computational Model of Anorexia Nervosa
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Is mere exposure enough? The effects of bilingual environments on infant cognitive development
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Abstract:
Bilinguals purportedly outperform monolinguals in non-verbal tasks of cognitive control (the ‘bilingual advantage'). The most common explanation is that managing two languages during language production constantly draws upon, and thus strengthens, domain-general inhibitory mechanisms (Green 1998 Biling. Lang. Cogn.1, 67–81. (doi:10.1017/S1366728998000133)). However, this theory cannot explain why a bilingual advantage has been found in preverbal infants (Kovacs & Mehler 2009 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA106, 6556–6560. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0811323106)). An alternative explanation is needed. We propose that exposure to more varied, less predictable (language) environments drive infants to sample more by placing less weight on consolidating familiar information in order to orient sooner to (and explore) new stimuli. To confirm the bilingual advantage in infants and test our proposal, we administered four gaze-contingent eye-tracking tasks to seven- to nine-month-old infants who were being raised in either bilingual (n = 51) or monolingual (n = 51) homes. We could not replicate the finding by Kovacs and Mehler that bilingual but not monolingual infants inhibit learned behaviour (experiment 1). However, we found that infants exposed to bilingual environments do indeed explore more than those exposed to monolingual environments, by potentially disengaging attention faster from one stimulus in order to shift attention to another (experiment 3) and by switching attention more frequently between stimuli (experiment 4). These data suggest that experience-driven adaptations may indeed result in infants exposed to bilingual environments switching attention more frequently than infants exposed to a monolingual environment.
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Keyword:
BF Psychology; P Philology. Linguistics; RC0321 Neuroscience. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry; RJ Pediatrics
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URL: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27433/ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180191 https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/27433/1/D%27Souza%20et%20al%202020%20-%20RSOS.pdf
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Functional Foreign Accent Syndrome in suspected Conversion Disorder: A case study
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Project DyAdd: Non-linguistic Theories of Dyslexia Predict Intelligence
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Auditory and Visual Durations Load a Unitary Working-Memory Resource
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Declarative memory and structural language impairment in autistic children and adolescents
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The effects of a dialogue-based intervention to promote psychosocial well-being after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
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Evidence-based psychological interventions for borderline personality disorder in the United Kingdom. Who falls through the gaps?
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The Witness-Aimed First Account (WAFA): A new technique for interviewing autistic witnesses and victims
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A round Bouba is easier to remember than a curved Kiki: Sound-symbolism can support associative memory
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Do children use different forms of verbal rehearsal in serial picture recall tasks? A multi-method study
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