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Children's Evaluations of Interlocutors in Foreigner Talk Contexts
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Linguistic Shifts: Examining the Effects of `Distanced Self-Talk' and `Generic-You' on the Construction of Meaning
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Speaking Places: Language, Mind, and Environment in the Ancash Highlands (Peru)
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A Bilingual Advantage? The Functional Organization of Linguistic Competition and Attentional Networks in the Bilingual Developing Brain
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Abstract:
Early life experiences are thought to alter children’s cognition and brain development, yet the precise nature of these changes remains largely unknown. Research has shown that bilinguals’ languages are simultaneously active, and their parallel activation imposes an increased demand for attentional mechanisms even when the intention is to use one of their languages (cf. Kroll & Bialystok, 2013). Theoretical frameworks (Adaptive Control hypothesis; Green & Abutalebi, 2013) propose that daily demands of dual-language experiences impact the organization of neural networks. To test this hypothesis, this dissertation used functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) to image brain regions in young monolingual and bilingual children (53 English monolinguals, 40 Spanish-English bilinguals; ages 7-9) while they performed a verbal attention task assessing phonological interference and a non-verbal attention task assessing attentional networks. The results did not reveal differences in behavioral performance between bilinguals and monolinguals, however, the neuroimaging findings revealed three critical differences between the groups: (i) bilingual children engaged less brain activity in left frontal regions, than monolinguals, when managing linguistic competitors in one language thus suggesting efficient processing; (ii) bilinguals showed overall greater brain activity, than monolinguals, in left fronto-parietal regions for attentional networks (i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive); and (iii) bilinguals’ brain activity in left fronto-parietal regions during the Executive attentional network was associated with better language abilities. Taken together, these findings suggest that attentional mechanisms and language processes both interact in bilinguals’ left fronto-parietal regions to impact the dynamics of brain plasticity during child development. This work informs neuro-cognitive theories on how early life experiences such as bilingualism impact brain development and plasticity. ; PHD ; Psychology ; University of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies ; https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136988/1/mmarre_1.pdf
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Keyword:
attention; bilingualism; brain development; child development; cognitive development; Psychology; Social Sciences
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URL: https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/136988
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Breaking Through the Traditional Second Language Learning Model-- Exploring Different Exposure Approaches for Learners of Different Ages.
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Learning and Interpreting Words for Kinds: Adults' and Children's Understanding of Generic Language.
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Language as lens: Plurality marking and numeral learning in English, Japanese, and Russian.
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The Development of Pragmatic Differentiation Skills in Preschool-Aged Bilingual Children.
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So It Is, So It Shall Be: Group Regularities and Prescriptive Judgments
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Investigating the Efficacy of a Preschool Vocabulary Intervention Designed to Increase Vocabulary Size and Conceptual Knowledge.
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Developing and Refining Instruments and Methods for Diagnostic and Language Assessment of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD).
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A Developmental Examination of the Conceptual Structure of Animal, Artifact, and Human Social Categories. and Human Social Categories.
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Standardization Beyond Form: Ideologies, Institutions, and the Semiotics of Nepali Sign Language.
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